Sound Perspective

The sense of a sound's position in a scene e.g Editing a sound to add a range between it and the main point of the filming like someone on the other side of a room or someone far away shouting, The volume of the sound would be edited to fit this.

Sound Mixing

Audio mixing for film and television is a process during the post-production stage of editing which multiple recorded sounds are combined into one.

Dialogue

Dialogue is the conversation that takes place between two or more characters.

Eyeline Match

This uses the audience’s ability to assume things. This series of shots usually shows someone looking at something and then what exactly they are looking at. In this way the auience can see exactly what the character is seeing and what the director wants them to see

Wide Shot

In the wide shot, the subject takes up the full frame. In this case, the boy's feet are almost at the bottom of frame and his head is almost at the top. The main object/character doesn't take up the whole width and height of the frame, since this is as close as the camera can get without losing any part of him.

Wipe

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A wipe is one shot taking place of another from one side of the viewers screen. Another type of wipe is using objects from a scene as a solid object to bring in the new scene from behind or the expansion of a scene or object from a centre point on the screen.

Fade In / Fade Out

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This transition occurs when the picture on the screen gradually changes to one colour or another scene, this is generally used at the start of a new area of a scene. Fade outs are usually found at the end of a scene/film.

Cut

Cut is an abrupt change from one scene to another or a change in camera with no transitions.

Insert

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An insert is cutting from a certain camera angle in the main scene to another camera angle in the main scene. They are used to emphasise a different part of a shot.

Parallel Editing

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Parallel editing is filming two clips or scenes and editing them together even though they may be in completely different locations.
In this clip it is used to show the fight that both officers are involved in and to show the speed of all the actions happening.

Crosscutting

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CrossCutting is when two action shots are put together to create a connection between the two.

The camera cuts away from one action scene to another.

Jump Cut

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The jump cut is when the camera is facing an object or character in a scene the cut is when the camera angle changes slightly to show that the character has changed position.

In this scene the jump cut is used to show the fast paced actions of the character and the force of another character hitting the ground.

Action Match

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The action match is a cut just before or at the start of an action shot. Cutting on action gives the effect that time has passed or that something in the previous scene has come to an end.

In this scene it was used to show that the man had just been eaten and rather than end the suspense by just cutting to another scene the scene is cut just before the man is killed and then the suspense is carried over to the new scene.

Graphic Match

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The graphic match is a cut which uses objects or characters in the scenes match but are in different surroundings. e.g the people are all running just in different backgrounds.

In this scene is was used to show the speed of the characters running and being a trailer show to the user of a fast paced intense show to come.

Crane

The crane shot is when the camera is perched on a stand or crane to take a shot from above a scene.
It is also used to move the camera away from a scene which is a common way of ending a movie. It is often used in scenes where there is emotion or suspense.

Handheld

The handheld gives the perspective of a characters view often a camera shake is added and is shown here by  the addition of the reflection in the window.

Zoom

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Zoom is used to give objects or characters perspective e.g a background object in relation to a foreground object.

Steadicam

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The Steadicam is used to create a smooth shot on a surface which is unstable or to rough to otherwise do so.

Voiceover

A voice-over is a type of Asynchronous sound, The source of the voice cannot be seen on screen. This can be used to narrate a scene or can be the voice of one of the main characters as they narrate what is happening from their point of view.

Eyeline Match

The eyeline match assumes the audience want to see what is in the characters line of sight. The camera will show the eyes of the character then cut to whatever is in their line of sight.

Shot/Reverse Shot

The shot/reverse shot is when the camera focus changes from one character to another. It shows the point of view of both characters.

Editing and Representation

1) What is meant by transition of image and sound?

The transition of image and sound is the way in which clips and soundtracks are put together in the editing stage of a film. The way in which they are placed together can be used to create effects or set the pace of a scene.

2) Explain in your own words, why editing is so important? 

Editing in a movie is used to take what are plain pieces of recording and give them context and represent certain characters or scenes.

Cutaway

In film and video, a cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else. It is usually, although not always, followed by a cut back to the first shot, when the cutaway avoids a jump cut.The cutaway shot does not necessarily contribute any dramatic content of its own, but is used to help the editor assemble a longer sequence.


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Dissolve

In the post-production process of film editing and video editing, a dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another. The terms fade-out and fade-in and are used to describe a transition to and from a blank image.


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Reverse Zoom

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Track

The camera track is used to follow characters or objects during movement.

Tilt

The camera tilt is used to show instability in a scene, in the scene above the character is fleeing from an animal in desperation, the camera tilts as it breaks open the door to show the force of the animal compared to the insignificance of the character.

Pan

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A camera pan is where the camera movies horizontally to show a large object or moving object/person moving. In the picture above the camera pans a city skyline to show desertion and emptiness during an apocalypse.

Low Angle

A low angle is used to focus on a main object or character at speed, Often used in car chases as shown above. The background is blurred to add to the speed effect and is usually low detail.
The picture above is of a car chase scene where the low angle is used to show the speed of the cars involved in the chase.

Canted Angle

Canted angles is when the angle of the shot is placed non horizontal to the floor this is mainly used in horror movies to show desperation or to show a character being frantic.
In the scene above it is used to show the breakdown of normal life during an apocalypse.

High Angle

A high angle is used to show an object or character in a different perspective, To make them seem less significant or to make them seem separated from the main characters. In this scene it is used to make the two characters shown look mischievousness as the high angle shot is taken from beside the police officers. 

Over The Shoulder

An over the shoulder shot can be used to sway the favour of the audience towards a certain character in a fight etc. or can be used to show the emotion of one character from the perspective of another. In this scene the shot is used to put favour in the argument towards the woman. 

Point Of View

The point of view shot is used to show a characters vision of something that is happening, It can be used to bring the viewer deeper into the perspective of that character and help them understand any emotions that they may be having. This shot shows the point of view of the character watching a strange creature walking into the elevator, It shows the helplessness as the steel doors close shutting the character out of the situation.

Aerial Shot

This shot can be used to show large areas to set a scene or show the insignificance of someone/something in a large area. In the picture above the aerial shot is used to show the normal lives of people going by while the character is clearly stressed and is facing a problem which normal people wouldn't have.

Two Shot

The two shot can be used to show a relationship between two characters, the two characters walking side by side shows a good relationship between the two where as if the relationship was damaged or there was tension and anger between the two one of the characters would be walking a bit behind the other. 
This is used in this scene to show the good relationship between the two characters also to highlight the satisfaction of what they have just done.

Long Shot

A long shot is mainly to focus on the background of a scene instead of what would usually be the centre of attention e.g  In the clip above a long shot is used at the start to set the scene of the next stage then the focus is brought back to the character. It isn't used to give any specific information on a scene unlike a medium shot but still gives more detail than that of an extreme long shot which would usually show a larger area like a village etc.

Medium Shot

A medium shot shows most of the main object/person in a scene unlike a close up which shows mainly the head area and not much background or the long shot which shows more background. This shot can be used to show the expression of a character while still setting a scene by showing the background.

Close Up

The close up shot is used to frame a character or characters and capture emotion without showing the background of the scene. All of the focus is on the centre of the close up shot and immerses the viewer.

In this scene the close up shot is used to directly show the tension between the two characters the close up makes the viewer feel like they are part of the story.

Extreme Long Shot

An extreme long shot is used to set the scene of a section of film, The location that the current scene is taking place. The camera is at a large distance from the focus of the scene. It shows a secluded, small town or village this suggests that this is a local community where everyone is very close and that whatever is about to unfold involves someone from their community. This shot may suggest a sense of mischief as the person at 0:18s is the only seen person in such a vast shot of landscape.